Left: Barbarians and Western Chou (Zhou) Civilisation (1046-770 BCE). Source of original map (for background of left map above): Wikipedia (Wikimedia Commons) File: China_2a.jpg. Creator: Yu Ninjie (c. 2004). This image was released by its author, Yu Ninjie, under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. The names of barbarian peoples has been printed on the original map by the owner of the website at (homepage) https://spooksrus.tripod.com/barbarians/index.htm 05/05/2010.

Right: Barbarians of the Western Chou Period. The labels are the names of major non-Chinese tribal peoples. The boundaries of modern Chinese provinces and of Mongolia are drawn in for the purpose of orientation.